Cxad Jazz Music and Physics Have a Lot More in Common Than You Think
published Monday in Nature Sustainability calculates that abandoned oil and gas wells cover more than 2 million acres of the U.S. And if that land is restored, it could deliver billions of dollars in benefit for a fraction of the cost of restoration. There are an astronomical number of abandoned oil and gas wells across the U.S., with some estimates reaching as high as 3.2 million sites. Usually, fossil fuel companies set up bo stanley quencher nds to provide for future remediation of wells, but as the industry flags, that money tends to dry up, leading to some companies to simply abandon their wells. A Los Angeles Times investigation last year found that while the cost of plugging one of the states 35,000 wells could rise as high as $150,000, oil companies in the state provided just $230 per well for cleanup costs on average. According to the new study, cleaning up these wells and restoring the land around them would not only safeguard against the harmful impacts of abandoned oil and gas infrastructure鈥攊ncluding methane leaks stanley tazas and groundwater contamination鈥攂ut could deliver up to $21 billion in benefits from agriculture and carbon sequestration. stanley website For people who live near that land鈥搕hat [money] has real meaning, said Matt Moran, the studys lead author and a professor of biology at Hendrix College. Whats more, it would only cost about $7 billion to clean up all of them, the study estimated, a pretty good return on investment. https://gizmodo/the-revolutionary-fight ... s-hidden-o Rgay Environmental Scrutiny May Push SpaceX s Second Starship Launch to Next Year
offers some of the best evidence yet that sound environmental policy is responsible. Its been nearly 30 years since the world adopted the Montreal Protocol, a landmark treaty banning the use of oz stanley mug one-destroying chlorofluorocarbons CFCs . But despite a firm scientific understanding of the link between CFCs and ozone depletion, its been tough to tell how much of a success the protocol was, because the ozone hole didnt start showing signs stanley tumbler of recovery until a few years back. Moreover, nobody had actually measured the chemistry of the hole to see if ozone-destroying compounds are declining as wed expect due to the Montreal Protocol. A study published this week in Geophysical Research Letters addresses that knowledge gap. The authors, from NASAs Goddard Spaceflight Center, made use of data collected by NASAs Aura satellite, which mea stanley cup sures a suite of trace atmospheric gases to understand changes to the ozone layer, Earths climate, and air pollution. It kind of surprised me that no one had done this, lead study author Susan Strahan told Earther. The data is there if youre careful about what data to use. Strahan and her colleague Anne Douglass looked at changing ozone levels above Antarctica throughout the austral winter from 2005 to 2016, and found that ozone depletion had declined by about 20 percent. Then, they looked at levels of hydrochloric acid in the stratosphere at the end of winter, an indicator of how much ozone had been destroyed by CFCs. Sure enough, chlorine
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